[Tic Disorder, Tourette's Syndrome] Causes of Tic Disorder: Emotional and Environmental Factors Genetic Bacterial Dopamine Leaky Gut (1)
There are several hypotheses related to the cause that have been established so far. Among them are 1. Emotional and environmental factors, 2. Genetic factors, 3. Bacteria, 4. Hyperdopamine, and 5. Leaky gut syndrome. It is difficult to determine the exact cause, and there are many possibilities.
1. [Emotional and environmental causes]
Tic disorders usually begin around the age of 7 in many cases. It may start with a motor tic or it may be a vocal tic. In kindergarten, it's okay, but there are many cases where anxiety or stress that comes as the time to enter elementary school works as a trigger. Or, certain specific events trigger an increase in emotional anxiety, resulting in small tics. Of course, not all of them, but at least the experience of being very startled for some reason or having an accident seems to affect tics. If the small tics started early in elementary school because of increased anxiety, it's worse after that. If you tic at school, your friends will make fun of you. Being teased lowers self-esteem and automatically increases fear of people, which is likely to increase the level of tics. Anxiety increases and the child begins to lock himself in a state of lack of self-confidence. The psychologically shrinking situation continues to repeat, and the tic progresses little by little and hardens. Because tics are a unique disease that reflects the psychological state very well, they are constantly influenced by the environment. Various environmental factors, such as school, home, academy, neighbors, and cousins, affect tics and increase tics. When you are exposed to fearful pressure as a child, such as telling people not to tick, to stay still, not to make noise, etc. from people around you, you become very depressed psychologically and emotionally weak, and your tics increase. The sound of parents quarreling, the scary look in the eyes, and the cold atmosphere also contribute to the cause of tic disorder.
2. [Genetic causes]
This does not mean that tic disorders are inherited. This means that it is possible to inherit organic conditions that are prone to tics, such as immune abnormalities, hormonal abnormalities, and brain structures where neurotransmitters are easily imbalanced. It's not 100%, but in many cases, parents' personality, temperament, and disposition are inherited, so if one of the parents has tics, the child is more likely to develop tics. 292 patients with tic disorder were analyzed, and about 12% of the patients had a family history. Of course, this number is significantly lower than the heritability of other diseases.
3. [Bacteria]
If for some reason the body is attacked by an infection with streptococcus, it can cause neurological problems, which is called 'Pandas syndrome'. Streptococcus resembles the shape of normal molecules in our body, so when it enters the body, the body's antibodies begin to confuse it. So, the antibody does not attack this germ, but rather attacks the body's own tissue by mistake. In particular, when the area called the basal ganglia of the brain is targeted and attacked, neurological and movement disorders related to movement disorders can appear. As a result, it can cause problems such as tics and obsessive compulsions, affect personality and behavior, and cause separation anxiety and sensitivity to light and sound. Or it can cause joint pain and delay development. Given the elevated levels of streptococcal antibodies in the blood of people with tics, this makes some sense. Pandas syndrome is not yet well known in Korea. However, it is necessary to know about streptococcus because there have been cases where these causes actually cause tic disorders.
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